10 Best Historical Landmarks in Paris You Should See

Introduction

Known as the “City of Light,” Paris has a history of art and culture everywhere. It is like walking through a living museum, where each turn at every corner seems to tell its own story. So, this list of top historical landmarks in Paris is a must-do for history fans. This guide will enable you to discover the emblematic monuments and sites, allowing for a close examination and comprehension of Parisian heritage. Paris has very good historical landmarks for tourists.

Top 10 Historical Landmarks in Paris

1. Eiffel Tower: Historical Landmarks in Paris

The Eiffel Tower symbolizes Paris. It is a historical landmarks in Paris, shining brightly like a beacon of brilliance in engineering and history. Designed by Gustave Eiffel, it was completed in 1889 for the Exposition Universelle and was initially criticized but soon became the most beloved global icon.

Historical Significance and Construction

The Eiffel Tower was built to exemplify France’s industrial capabilities during the World Fair, celebrating the one-hundredth anniversary of the French Revolution. The tower stood 324 meters tall and up until 1930, was considered to be the tallest artificial structure in the world.

Role in Parisian Identity

This iron lady has become an emblem for Paris itself, depicting elegance, innovation, and love, over the ages.

Visiting Tips and Best Times to Go

It is best to go first thing in the morning or late night to avoid a long queue. It also saves time if you buy your tickets online in advance. There are three levels of viewing platforms from which one can view the breathtaking views of Paris.

Facts about the Eiffel Tower

• The tower is made of iron weighing 10,100 tons.
• The Eiffel Tower is one of the most visited monuments in the world, with nearly 7 million visitors each year.
• The tower has 20,000 bulbs, creating a sparkling every evening that can be seen from various city points.
• The tower is repainted every 7 years to prevent it from rust. Paint required is 60 tons.
• The Eiffel tower is also used for radio and television broadcasts.
• The tower has shops, housing restaurants, and a viewing deck on the last floor of the tower.

2. Notre-Dame Cathedral

This very beautiful and striking symbol of Parisian heritage is the Notre Dame Cathedral—an epitome of French Gothic architecture. It attracts millions upon millions of visitors annually who cannot help but be captivated by its magnificent facade, intricate sculptures, and breathtaking stained glass windows.

Architectural and Historical Significance

Notre-Dame was completed in the 14th century and has faced centuries of French history—from royal coronations to revolutionary upheavals. Its architecture features flying buttresses, gargoyles, and one of the largest rose windows in the world.

2019 Fire and Restoration Efforts

The April 2019 fire significantly destroyed the cathedral, mainly its roof and spire. Restorations are in progress and might give Notre-Dame a glimpse of its earlier magnificence by 2024.

Key Features and Hints When Visiting

One certainly should not miss the opportunity to visit the interior, including the choir, treasury, and crypt of this cathedral. Further up the towers, one is brought closer to the famous gargoyles, affording a panorama over Paris.

Facts about Notre Dame Cathedral

• It took almost 200 years to complete, finishing in 1345.
• The cathedral’s treasury has precious objects and liturgical items.
• The cathedral is known for its historic pipe organ with 8,000 pipes, making it one of the largest in France.
• Notre-Dame Cathedral has one of the largest bells weighing over 13 tons, located in the south tower.

3. Louvre Museum

It is the largest art museum in the world and one of the most famous historic monuments in Paris. The original building was once a royal palace, now housing over 35,000 works of art to this very day. Inside its walls are the Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo, and many more.

History of the Building Itself: Fortress to Museum

Initially constructed in the late 12th century as a fortress by King Philippe Auguste to guard Paris, it later became a royal palace in the 16th century. During the French Revolution in 1793, it was opened to the public as a museum.

Highlights of Its Vast Historical Collections

The Louvre collection spans ancient civilizations to the 19th century and features works by Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Rembrandt.

Visitor Tips and Notable Exhibits

It is advised to plan in advance what one wants to see at the Louvre. This museum is absolutely gigantic, and a person is easily overwhelmed. Visiting it during early morning and evening hours would enable a person to avoid peak hours.

Facts about the Louvre Museum

• The Louvre Museum is one of the largest museums in the world, covering 782,910 square feet of exhibition space.
• It has an iconic glass pyramid entrance standing 71 feet high and has 673 glass panes.
• The famous artworks are the Leonardo da Vinci painting Mona Lisa, the “Venus de Milo,” and Eugène Delacroix’s “Liberty Leading the People.”
• The Louvre is the most visited museum in the world, attracting around 10 million visitors annually.

4. Palace of Versailles

The Palace of Versailles has always been considered the very embodiment of absolute monarchy and apotheosis of French Baroque architecture. It is sited on the outskirts of Paris and was home to the kings of France; a locus of French political power until the Revolution.

History of the Palace and Its Significance to French History

Initially constructed as a hunting lodge, Versailles was converted into a large palace during the 17th century at the hands of Louis XIV. The place became a seat of political power and a showcase of royal excesses.

Places to Visit: Hall of Mirrors and Gardens

The outstanding visit is the Hall of Mirrors with its glittering chandeliers and reflective surfaces. The expansive gardens, designed by André Le Nôtre, feature fountains, sculptures, and meticulously manicured lawns.

Day Trip from Paris: Tips

Versailles is only an hour from Paris by train. For fewer tourists and smaller crowds, go during the week and early in the morning. Guided tours will give this palace much meaning by teaching about its history and architecture.

Facts about the Palace of Versailles

• The palace is meant for opulent Baroque architecture, elaborate gardens, and grand interiors.
• The Hall of Mirrors is a grand gallery that stretches over 73 meters (240 feet) and features 357 mirrors.
• The gardens cover approximately 800 hectares (2,000 acres) and include intricate parterres, fountains, sculptures, and groves.
• The Palace of Versailles is one of the most visited tourist attractions in France, drawing millions of visitors each year.
• It is a UNESCO World Heritage site recognized for its historical significance and architectural splendour.

5. Arc de Triomphe

This triumphal arch stands at the western end of the Champs-Élysées. It was dedicated to those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

Historical Context and Purpose

Napoleon commissioned the construction of Arc de Triomphe in 1806. Completed in the year 1836, it carried on it the names of generals and battles inscribed on it and formed the fulcrum of national commemorations.

Architectural Details and Symbolism

These reliefs abound in depictions of French victories and allegorical figures of courage, resistance, etc. At the base of the arch lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, denoted by an eternal flame.

Best Times to Visit and Panoramic Views from the Top

The Arc de Triomphe has one of the best panoramic views of Paris. Yes, it is an expensive climb up, but you are rewarded with some excellent perspective on the city’s layout. And in the evening, you’ll get a view of the Champs-Élysées lit up.

Facts about Arc de Triomphe

• The monument is standing 50 meters (164 feet) tall, 45 meters (148 feet) wide, and 22 meters (72 feet) deep.
• The Arc de Triomphe architecture is designed with the names of 660 generals and numerous battles inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces.
• Visitors climb 284 steps to reach the viewing deck at the top, which offers panoramic views of Paris, including the Champs-Élysées, the Eiffel Tower, and La Défense.
• The monument has undergone several renovations and cleanings to preserve its structure and appearance.
• The Arc de Triomphe has been featured in numerous films, books, and artworks, symbolizing Paris and French heritage.

6. Sainte-Chapelle

This beautiful Gothic chapel is famous for its brilliant stained glass depictions of biblical scenes, done in vibrant colors.

Place in Medieval French History

Constructed in the mid-13th century by King Louis IX to store precious Christian relics like the Crown of Thorns, it has long been considered a total attainment in Gothic architecture.

Exterior and Interior Architectural Beauty and Stained Glass Windows

Above the chapel are 15 tall, narrow stained glass windows illustrating scenes from the Old and New Testaments. These are perhaps best experienced on a sunny day because of the way the light of the sun outlines the details.

Visitor Information and Best Times to Visit

This stained glass is best appreciated during daylight hours; early morning or late afternoons are relatively less crowded. For a more complete historical experience, you can buy a combined ticket with the nearby concierge.

Facts about Sainte-Chapelle

• Sainte-Chapelle is known for its Gothic architecture known for its stunning stained glass windows.
• The upper chapel’s 15 stained-glass windows are renowned for their size and beauty. They cover almost the entire height of the walls, approximately 15 meters (49 feet) high.
• The windows depict over 1,100 scenes from the Bible.
• This Chapelle was well known for the Christian pilgrimage in the medieval period.
• UNESCO recognizes the Chapelle as a world heritage site.

7. Panthéon

The Pantheon is a neoclassical mausoleum in the Latin Quarter, dedicated as a church but now functioning as the final resting place of famous French people.

Historical and Cultural Significance

The Pantheon, inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, was commissioned by King Louis XV in the 18th century. It is the resting place of prominent individuals like Voltaire, Rousseau, Victor Hugo, and Marie Curie.

Famous People Buried There

The crypt is a place of reverence and reflection, with the inscriptions telling the story of the lives and contributions one has offered to the world. It is an exclusive insight into an intellectual and cultural heritage that France presents to the world.

Visiting Tips and Temporary Exhibitions

These temporary exhibitions bring into deep exploration most of the issues relevant to French history and culture. A visit to the dome is essential as it provides one of the finest panoramic views over the city, so it is definitely worthwhile adding it on to your trip.

Facts about Pantheon

• The Pantheon played a significant role during World War 2. Important events such as the French Revolution and the Paris Commune occurred here.
• Pantheon has a viewing deck for visitors, the top landmarks such as Eiffel tower, Notre-Dame Cathedral, and the Luxembourg Gardens are visible from here.
• The Panthéon’s dome is 272 feet tall, providing an impressive silhouette on the Paris skyline.
• The inscription on the top of entrance reads “Aux grands hommes, la patrie” meaning “TO GREAT MEN, THE GRATEFUL HOMELAND”

8. Sacré-Cœur Basilica

Perched atop the hill of Montmartre stands the Sacré-Cœur Basilica; in a neighborhood of spiritual solace, it provides an overall stunning view over Paris. Most characteristic Parisian landmarks are strongly contrasted with its unique Romano-Byzantine architecture.

History and Architectural Style

The Basilica was built in 1875, immediately following the conclusion of the Franco-Prussian War, to mark a period of national atonement. Its travertine stone, coming from the Château-Landon quarries, has kept the basilica shining white.

Importance to the Montmartre Area

Montmartre was always an area full of artists and bohemians. Perched on the top of the highest point in the city, the basilica supplies a focal point for the neighborhood, supplying calm to the busy streets.

Tips for Visiting and Best Times to Experience the Views

For this reason, Sacré-Cœur is best visited early in the morning or late in the evening when there are fewer crowds of tourists. This view is fantastic; from the dome, you will see a 360-degree panorama of Paris.

Facts about Sacré-Cœur Basilica

• These were constructed to honor 58,000 brave men during the world war.
• The basilica is built of travertine stone, which exclusively excludes calcite, ensuring it remains white even under weather conditions and pollution.
• Visitors climb 300 steps to reach the dome, which provides a spectacular view of Paris, stretching over 20 miles on a clear day.
• The bell tower has one of the heaviest bells, which weigh 19 tons.

9. Les Invalides

Located in the 7th district, Les Invalides is a complex of buildings erected initially as a hospital and retirement home for war veterans. Currently, it houses museums and monuments that conserve France’s military past.

Historical Significance and Relation with Napoleon

Les Invalides was founded in 1670 by Louis XIV. It is also the last resting place of Napoleon Bonaparte. The gilded dome of the church under which Napoleon’s tomb lies forms part of the most recognizable features of the Parisian Skyline.

Key Areas to Explore: Museum, Napoleon’s Tomb

The Musée de l’Armée boasts an incredibly large collection of military artefacts, such as armour, weapons, and uniforms, all housed in Les Invalides. However, no visit would be complete without seeing the tomb of Napoleon. Only a lead-lined sarcophagus of this monumentality would be fitting for such a legendary figure.

Visitor Information and Special Events

Les Invalides frequently hosts special exhibitions and events to help enlighten visitors on some areas of French military history. It would be a good idea to look over the schedule in advance to add meaning to your visit.

Facts about Invalides

• The Invalides was mainly constructed to serve hospitals and retirement homes for war veterans.
• The Invalides have a recognizable feature called a magnificent golden dome.
• The dome stands 351 feet tall and has French Baroque architecture.
• It continues to serve as a venue for military ceremonies, state functions, and commemorative events.

10. Conciergerie

Part of the Conciergerie’s history includes being both a royal palace and a prison, especially during the French Revolution when it was noted to be a detention centre for many, including Marie Antoinette.

Key Features and Exhibits

The Hall of the Guards, medieval kitchens, and former prison cells are open to the public. A chapel dedicated to Marie Antoinette stands as a poignant reminder of her tragic fate.

Visit Tips and Historical Context

The beautiful Sainte-Chapelle is nearby the Conciergerie; combining a visit to both will give visitors an overview of medieval and revolutionary Parisian history.

Facts about Conciergerie

• The Conciergerie is part of the larger Palais de la Cité complex, which was the residence of French kings from the 10th to the 14th century before becoming a judicial centre.
• The Conciergerie still serves a judicial role today, housing offices and courts, including the Paris Court of Appeal.
• The Conciergerie, along with the other parts of the Palais de la Cité and the banks of the Seine, is part of a UNESCO World Heritage site.